Joint Reconstruction
Joint reconstruction is a vital surgical option for patients suffering from severe joint damage due to injury, arthritis, or congenital conditions. Advances in surgical techniques, implant technology, and rehabilitation have made joint reconstruction increasingly successful in restoring joint function and improving the quality of life for patients.
Joint reconstruction is a vital surgical option for patients suffering from severe joint damage due to injury, arthritis, or congenital conditions. Advances in surgical techniques, implant technology, and rehabilitation have made joint reconstruction increasingly successful in restoring joint function and improving the quality of life for patients.
Knee Preservation Procedure
A Knee Preservation Procedure refers to a range of surgical techniques and interventions aimed at preserving the natural knee joint and delaying or preventing the need for a total knee replacement surgery. A key aspect of such procedures include;
Biological Injections
Use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), stem cell therapy, or other biological agents to promote healing and reduce inflammation in the knee joint.
The goal of knee preservation procedures is to improve knee function, reduce pain and extend the lifespan of the natural knee joint. These procedure are considered when conservative treatments like medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle modification are no longer effective in managing symptoms and preserving knee function.
Hyaluronic Acid Injections
or gel injections – viscosupplementation are used to treat early stages of OA by helping with lubrication, anti-inflammatory effect made glycosaminoglycan which is a long-chain carbohydrate molecule that helps retain moisture and lubricates the joint.
Knee Arthroscopy
A minimally invasive surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat a variety of knee joint problems.
It involves inserting a small camera, called an arthroscope, into the knee joint through small stab incisions. The camera allows orthopedic surgeons to view the inside of the knee on a monitor and perform surgical procedures with specialized instruments inserted through another small stab incision.
Many knee conditions can be effectively managed by arthroscopy, including meniscus repair, partial meniscectomy, meniscus reshaping, ligament reconstruction, cartilage transplant or repair, and synovectomy. Arthroscopy can also be used to treat joint infections, remove loose bodies, or clean up damaged tissue.
Knee arthroscopy is generally less invasive compared to traditional open surgery, which typically results in less pain, faster recovery times, smaller scars, and reduced risk of complications, allowing patients to return to normal activities sooner.
Knee Conditions
Knee conditions encompass a variety of disorders that affect the structure and function of the knee joint. These issues can stem from injury, wear and tear, or underlying medical conditions, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced mobility. The knee is a complex joint that plays a vital role in our ability to walk, run, and engage in daily activities. When affected by these conditions, individuals may experience limitations that impact their quality of life. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are essential for managing symptoms and restoring function.
Knee conditions encompass a variety of disorders that affect the structure and function of the knee joint. These issues can stem from injury, wear and tear, or underlying medical conditions, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced mobility. The knee is a complex joint that plays a vital role in our ability to walk, run, and engage in daily activities. When affected by these conditions, individuals may experience limitations that impact their quality of life. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are essential for managing symptoms and restoring function.
Knee X-ray Analysis with Measurements
This image displays an X-ray of a knee joint, featuring measurement lines and annotations for clinical evaluation of joint health.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Imaging
Three X-ray images displaying the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury in the knee, highlighting structural changes and damage.
X-ray Image of Torn Meniscus in Knee
This X-ray image displays a torn meniscus in the knee joint, showcasing the injury's effect on the knee's anatomy and alignment.
Patellar Instability and Dislocation X-ray
This X-ray image displays the knee joint, focusing on patellar instability and dislocation, with highlighted anatomical features for medical evaluation.
Osteoarthritis
A degenerative ‘wear and tear” joint disease where the smooth cartilage that lines the ends of the bone in the knee joint deteriorates over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system attacks the lining of the membranes that surround the joints, causing inflammation, pain and eventually joint damage in the knee and other joints.
Anteroposterior Radiographs of Knee Joints
Anteroposterior radiographs depict early-stage spontaneous osteonecrosis in knee joints, showcasing bone structure and potential abnormalities.
Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Radiograph
This radiograph illustrates posttraumatic osteoarthritis in the right knee, highlighting surgical hardware including screws and fixation devices.
X-ray of Human Knees Showing Gout
This X-ray image illustrates human knees affected by gout, showcasing joint inflammation and urate crystal deposits typical of the condition.
X-ray of Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesion
This X-ray image displays an osteochondritis dissecans lesion located in the knee joint, highlighting the affected area for medical evaluation.
Knee Joint Replacement
Knee replacement, or knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure aimed at relieving pain and restoring function in individuals with severe knee damage, often due to conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis. During the procedure, the damaged surfaces of the knee joint are removed and replaced with artificial components made of metal, plastic, or ceramic.
Knee replacement, or knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure aimed at relieving pain and restoring function in individuals with severe knee damage, often due to conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis. During the procedure, the damaged surfaces of the knee joint are removed and replaced with artificial components made of metal, plastic, or ceramic.
Unicompartmental Knee Replacement
UKR, also known as a partial knee replacement, is a surgical procedure done to replace only one of the three compartments of the knee joint affected by arthritis or damage.
The knee joint has 3 compartments: medial (inner side), lateral (outer side), and patellofemoral (between the kneecap and the thigh bone) compartments.
Unlike Total knee replacement (TKR), which replaces all 3 compartments of the knee joint, a unicompartmental knee replacement involves replacing only the damaged compartment, most commonly the medial compartment. Although the longevity is not always the same as a TKR, a UKR preserves all the ligaments in the knee (specifically the cruciate ligaments of the knee) therefore giving it a very natural feeling knee with higher activity levels possible. Also when a UKR has to be converted to a TKR it is as if you are getting a primary TKR and not a revision TKR.
This procedure is suitable for patients who have arthritis or damage primarily confined to one compartment of the knee joint while the other compartments remain healthy.
It is important to understand that early OA (not bone-on-bone OA) is not an indication for a UKR but should rather be treated conservatively.
DOCTOR'S APPROACH
DOCTOR'S APPROACH
Mobile Bearing Uncemented Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Replacement is a type of partial knee replacement surgery designed to treat arthritis or other joint issues in only one compartment of the knee, typically the medial compartment. Mobile bearing refers to the design of the knee prosthesis, which features a bearing surface that moves relative to the femoral component. This can provide more natural movement and reduce stress on surrounding tissues.
Uncemented is where the prosthetic components are designed to be fixed to the bone without the use of bone cement. Instead, the prosthesis has a porous surface that allows bone to grow into. The Oxford knee is a specific model known for its mobile bearing and focus on maintaining a high level of knee function. It aims to replicate natural knee mechanics. This approach can offer advantages such as smaller incision, less bone removal, quicker recovery, more natural feeling.
Total Knee Replacement
TKR is a surgical procedure to replace all 3 compartments of the knee joint that are affected by arthritis of the knee.
Arthritis is caused by many underlying factors or diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, osteo-arthritis (wear and tear), gout, previous injury (ligament injuries or fractures), or other inflammatory conditions.
During surgery the damaged portions of the knee joint are removed and replaced with artificial components made of metal alloys and high-grade plastic in between. These components mimic the natural shape and function of the knee joint, allowing for improved stability, pain relief, and mobility.
Total knee replacement can be performed using various alignment techniques and different implant designs which affects the outcome.
It is considered a highly effective procedure with long-term success in reducing pain and improving function in the majority of patients.
DOCTOR'S APPROACH
DOCTOR'S APPROACH
Kinematic Alignment (KA) Medial Pivot Knee Replacement is a surgical technique that focuses on aligning the artificial knee to match the natural movement patterns and anatomical alignment of the patient’s original knee. In kinematic alignment, the surgeon positions the components of the knee prosthesis to mimic the natural knee’s kinematic behaviour, aiming to restore the natural joint mechanics and range of motion.
The medial pivot design is a specific type of knee prosthesis where the tibial component is designed to allow for more natural rotation around a medial pivot point, which can enhance stability and function. This approach can lead to Improved function, Reduced pain and more natural feel compared to traditional knee replacement techniques.
Revision Total Knee Replacement
A procedure performed to replace a previously implanted artificial knee joint with a new one or reconstruction after a total knee replacement.
This is necessary when the original knee replacement is painful or unstable because of malalignment, malrotation, ligament insufficiency, loose, infected or worn out.
Revision knee replacement surgery is more complex with higher complication rates than primary knee replacement. Therefore should be avoided at all cost with doing the primary TKR meticulously balanced and aligned.